SCIENCE

For sports disciplines that rely on speed or strength endurance, glycolysis is the primary energy source for muscular contractions. The total capacity of the glycolytic pathway is limited by the progressive increase of acidity within the muscle.

The increase in acidity is caused by the accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+) which ultimately inhibits energy transfer and the ability of the muscle to contract, forcing the athlete to decrease the intensity of exercise.

 Trained athletes have shown that pre-buffering the body before strenuous exercise or competition has improved performance by up to 14-16% 

 As our bodies perform strenuous exercise, we begin to breathe faster as we attempt to shuttle more oxygen to our working muscles. The body prefers to generate most of its energy using aerobic methods, meaning with oxygen. Some circumstances, however—such as evading the historical saber tooth tiger or lifting heavy weights—require energy production faster than our bodies can adequately deliver oxygen. In those cases, the working muscles generate energy anaerobically. This energy comes from glucose through a process called glycolysis, in which glucose is broken down or metabolized into a substance called pyruvate through a series of steps. When the body has plenty of oxygen, pyruvate is shuttled to an aerobic pathway to be further broken down for more energy. But when oxygen is limited, the body temporarily converts pyruvate into a substance called lactate, which allows glucose breakdown—and thus energy production—to continue. The working muscle cells can continue this type of anaerobic energy production at high rates for one to three  minutes, during which time lactate can accumulate to high levels.

A side effect of high lactate levels is an increase in the acidity of the muscle cells, along with disruptions of other metabolites. The same metabolic pathways that permit the breakdown of glucose to energy perform poorly in this acidic environment. 

BUFFERS DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF ACID IN THE BODY AND IMPROVES THE BODY'S RESPONSE TO THE ACIDIFICATION THAT OCCURS

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On the surface, it seems counterproductive that a working muscle would produce something that would slow its capacity for more work. In reality, this is a natural defense mechanism for the body; it prevents permanent damage during extreme exertion by slowing the key systems needed to maintain muscle contraction. Once the body slows down, oxygen becomes available and lactate reverts back to pyruvate, allowing continued aerobic metabolism and energy for the body’s recovery from the strenuous event.

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During physical activity, the body’s muscles extend and contract to support movement. Prolonged or repetitive physical activity can overexert the muscles. This activity can lead to muscle soreness.

Overexertion and muscle soreness are more likely to occur after physical activity that differs from normal. This could be due to:

• exercising more often than usual
• doing higher intensity workouts
• performing longer workouts
• introducing new exercises to a routine

Muscle soreness usually occurs several hours after physical activity. For this reason, doctors refer to the condition as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Most people experience DOMS at some point, regardless of their physical fitness.

The exact cause of DOMS is still unclear. Some experts believe it may be due to microscopic tears in the muscle fibers, which can develop during exercise. They believe that muscle soreness is the result of the body healing these tears. DOMS is not due to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles. 

According to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), muscle soreness usually begins 12–24 hours following exercise. The muscle soreness then tends to peak around 24–72 hours after the exercise. After this time, the pain should start to go away.

The level of soreness a person feels during DOMS depends on the type, duration, and frequency of the activity that caused the pain. 

Though the precise cause of DOMS is still unknown, most research points to actual muscle cell damage and an elevated release of various metabolites into the tissue surrounding the muscle cells. 

These responses to extreme exercise result in an inflammatory-repair response, leading to swelling and soreness that peaks a day or two after the event and resolves a few days later, depending on the severity of the damage.  

pH PERFORMANCE + REDUCES INFLAMMATION CAUSED BY MUSCLE BREAKDOWN, SPEEDS MUSCLE REPAIR AND DECREASES DELAYED-ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS (DOMS) BY ALKALIZING YOUR BODY WITH BUFFERS AND REPLACING MINERALS AND ELECTROLYTS LOST

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INDIVIDUAL ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD WAS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASE IN TIME TO EXHAUSTION AT 110%

  Trained athletes have shown that pre-buffering the body before strenuous exercise or competition has improved performance by up to 14-16% 

 Performance during continuous or intermittent high-intensity exercise can be limited by the accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+) which reduce muscle pH and interfere with muscle contractile and metabolic processes. 

H+ accumulation in the muscle cells and blood can be buffered. PRE-BUFFERING THE BODY enhances fatigue resistance and improves performance during high-intensity exercise.

There is evidence that  sodium bicarbonate ingestion can enhance exercise performance during single or repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in which energy is supplied predominantly through anaerobic glycolysis.

 Exercise performance in “middle-distance” sports events (lasting between ~1 and 8 min) is related to energy supply through both oxidative and non-oxidative metabolic processes. Because the energy demand in these sports is close to or in excess of the maximal rate of O2 consumption, there will be an appreciable contribution to the energy supply from anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in a significant production of lactate and hydrogen (H+) ions. These large increases in (H+) may reduce muscle pH from 7.1 at rest to as low as 6.4 at the point of exhaustion.  Although fatigue is clearly multi-factorial in these (and other) sports events, performance limitation appears to be related to the extent of the muscular acidosis which is developed along with associated ionic disturbances which may affect muscle excitation (Chin & Allen, 1998; Fitts, 1994). Metabolic acidosis can impair performance through direct interference with the muscle contraction process and by limiting the resynthesis of high-energy phosphates and inhibiting the rate of anaerobic glycolysis (Fitts, 1994).

IMPROVE YOUR WORKOUTS WHILE DECREASING RECOVERY TIME WITH THE DAILY USE OF PH PERFORMANCE +

IMPROVE YOUR HIGH INTENSITY EXCERCISE OR COMPETITION PERFORMANCE BY PRE-BUFFERING YOUR BODY WITH PH PERFORMANCE +

 The potential for bicarbonate to enhance sports performance has been extensively investigated in both laboratory and field settings. 

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